JavaScript操作元素教你改变页面内容样式

发布于 2022年 05月 08日 08:57

1、操作元素

1.1、改变元素内容

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <button>显示当前系统时间</button>
    <div>某个时间</div>
    <p>123</p>
    <script>
        // 1、当我们点击了安妮 div里面的文字会发生变化
        // (1)、获取元素
        var btn = document.querySelector('button');
        var div = document.querySelector('div');
        // (2)、注册事件
        btn.onclick = function(){
            div.innerText = getDate();
        }
        function getDate(){
            // 案例：获取当前系统时间 2021年11月24日 星期三
            var date = new Date();
            var year = date.getFullYear();
            var month = date.getMonth()+1;
            var dates = date.getDate();
            var arr = ['星期日','星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期六'];
            var day = date.getDay();
            return '今天是:' + year + '年' + month + '月' + dates + '日 '+ arr[day];
        }
        // 2、可以不用注册事件就显示事件
        var p = document.querySelector('p');
        p.innerHTML = getDate();
    </script>
</body>
</html>

1.2、innerText和innerHtml的区别

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div></div>
    <p>
        我是文字
        <span>123</span>
    </p>
    <script>
        // innerText和ineerHtml的区别
        // 1、innerText不识别html标签、innerHtml识别html标签
        var div= document.querySelector('div');
        div.innerText = '<strong>今天是：</strong>2021';
        // innerHtml识别html标签 W3C标准
        // div.innerHTML = '<strong>今天是：</strong>2021';
        // 2、这两个属性是可读写的 可以获取元素里面的内容
        var p = div.innerHTML = document.querySelector('p');
        // innerText会去除空格和换行
        console.log(p.innerText);
        console.log(p.innerHTML);
    </script>
</body>
</html>

1.3、操作元素 修改元素属性

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <button id="ldh">刘德华</button>
    <button id='zxy'>张学友</button>
    <img src='images/ldh.jpg' alt="" title="刘德华">
    <script>
        // 修改元素属性 src
        // 1、获取元素
        var ldh = document.getElementById('ldh');
        var zxy = document.getElementById('zxy');
        var img = document.querySelector('img');
        // 2、注册事件 处理程序
        zxy.onclick = function(){
            img.src = 'images/zxy.jpg';
            img.title = "张学友";
        }
        ldh.onclick = function(){
            img.src = 'images/ldh.jpg';
            img.title="刘德华";
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

1.4、分时显示时间案例

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        img{
            width: 300px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <img src = "images/s.gif" alt="">
    <div id="div">亲，上午好，好好写代码</div>
    <script>
        var img = document.querySelector('img');
        var div = document.getElementById('div');
        // 获取当前系统时间
        var time = new Date();
        var h = time.getHours();
        if(h < 12){
            img.src = 'images/s.gif';
            div.innerHTML = "亲，上午好，快去写代码";
        }else if(h < 18){
            img.src = 'images/x.gif';
            div.innerHTML = "亲，下午好，快去写代码";
        }else{
            img.src = 'images/w.gif';
            div.innerHTML = "亲，晚上好，快去写代码";
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

1.5、表单的属性操作

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <button>按钮</button>
    <input type="text" value="输入内容"/>
    <script>
        // 1、获取元素
        var btn = document.querySelector('button');
        var input = document.querySelector('input');
        // 2、注册事件 处理程序
        btn.onclick = function(){
            // input.innerHTML = '点击了';这个是 普通合资 比如div 标签里面的内容
            // 表单里面的值 文字内容是通过  value  来修改的
            input.value = '被点击了';
            // 如果想要某个表单被禁用 不能再点击disabled 我们想要这个按钮 button禁用
            // btn.disabled = true;
            this.disabled = true;
            // this 指向的是事件函数的调用者
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

1.6、仿京东隐藏显示密码操作

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .box {
            position: relative;
            width: 400px;
            border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
            margin: 100px auto;
        }
        .box input {
            width: 370px;
            height: 30px;
            border: 0;
            outline: none;
        }
        .box img {
            position: absolute;
            top: 5px;
            right: 7px;
            width: 24px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box">
        <label for="">
            <img src="images/close.png" id="eye">
        </label>
        <input type="password" name="" id="pwd"></input>
    </div>
    <script>
        // 1、获取元素
        var eye= document.getElementById('eye');
        var pwd = document.getElementById('pwd');
        // 2、注册事件 处理程序
        var flag = 0;
        eye.onclick = function(){
            // 点击一次后 flag一定要操作
            if(flag == 0){
                pwd.type = 'text';
                eye.src="images/open.png";
                flag = 1; //赋值操作
            }else{
                pwd.type='password';
                eye.src="images/close.png";
                flag = 0;
            }
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

1.7、样式属性操作

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        div {
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: pink;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div></div>
    <script>
        // 1、获取元素
        var div = document.querySelector('div');
        // 2、注册事件 处理程序
        div.onclick = function() {
            this.style.backgroundColor = 'purple';
            this.style.width = '250px';
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

1.8、显示隐藏二维码

重点：修改display:none

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div class = "close-btn"  style="display: block;">
        <img src = "images/ewm.png" id="img">
    </div>
    <script>
        // 1、获取元素
        var btn = document.querySelector('.close-btn');
        var img = document.querySelector('img');
        // 2、注册事件 程序处理
        btn.onclick = function(){
            btn.style.display = 'none';
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

总结

本篇文章就到这里了，希望能够给你带来帮助，也希望您能够多多关注脚本之家的更多内容!

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